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Amurka da Birtaniya da Tarayyar Turai sun sake sanya wa Rasha wasu sabbin takunkumai, shekara biyu bayan mamayar da ƙasar ke yi wa Ukraine.

Sabbin matakan an ɗauke su ne bayan mutuwar jagorar adawar ƙasar, Alexei Navalny wanda ya rasu a lokacin da yake tsare.

Waɗanne takunkuman ne?

Takunkuman su ne hukuncin da ƙasashen ke sanya wa juna, domin dakatar da su daga ɗaukar matakai cikin fushi ko saɓa wa dokokin duniya.

Waɗanda na daga cikin matakai mafi tsauri da ƙasashe kan ɗauka, kafin fara yaƙi.

waɗanne ne sabbin takunkuman da aka sanya wa Rasha?

Yayin da yake bayyana takunkuman kan sana'o'i 500, shugaban Amurka Joe Biden ya ce za su ɗauki matakan ne kan makaman yaƙin Rasha.

Za a sanya dokar takaita fitar da kayyaki kan kusan kamfanoni da ɗaiɗaikun mutane kusan 100. Domin rage ƙarfin da Rasha ke da shi na samun makamai.

Shugaba Biden ya ce za a sanya takunkuman kan mutanen da ke da alaƙa da ɗaure Alexei Navalny a gidan yari, jagoran adawar ƙasar da ya mutu a wani gidan yarin ƙasar.

Birtaniya ta ƙwace kadarorin wasu shugabannin gidan yarin shida, tare da haramta musu shiga ƙasar.

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Birtaniyar ta kuma sanya sabbin takunkumai kan ƙarafuna da ma'adini da makamashin da Rasha ke fitarwa.

Haka kuma Tarayyar Turai ta bayyana sanya takunkumai kan ƙungiyoyi da wasu ɗaiɗaikun mutane kusan 200 da ke taimaka wa Rasha wajen samun makamai, ko suke ɗaukar ƙananan yara Ukraine daga gidajensu.

Sauran takunkuman da aka sanya wa Rasha

Tun bayan mamayar da Rasha ta yi wa Ukraine a watan Fabrairun, Amurka da Birtaniya da kuma Tarayyar Turai, da wasu ƙasashe da suka haɗar da Australia da Canada da Japan, sun ƙaƙaba wa Rasha takunkumai fiye da 16,500.

Babban abin da aka ƙaƙaba wa takunkuman shi ne kuɗin Rasha.

Kuɗin ajiyar ƙasashen waje na ƙasar da ya kai kimanin dala biliyan 350, ana riƙe da kusan rabin adadin kuɗin ajiyar a ƙasashe daban-daban.

Kusan kashi 70 na kadarorin bankunan Rasha sunkasance a ƙarƙashin wannan doka, to sai an keɓance wasu, kamar saƙonnin da ake tura wa kan hada-hadar kuɗi.

Ƙasashen Yamma sun kuma sanya wa Rasha takunkumai kamar:

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Bangaren mai na ƙasar na kan gaba a jerin musu fuskantar takunkuman.

Amurka da Birtaniya sun hana sayen man fetur da gas daga Rasha. Haka kuma Tarayyar Turai ta haramta shigar da ɗanyen man Rasha te mashigin ruwan ƙasashen.

Ƙungiyar G7 ta ƙasashe masu ƙarfin tattalin arziki ta sanya wa man gangar ɗanyen man fetur ɗin Rasha, farashin dala 60, domin rage kudin da ƙasar ke sama daga cinikin ɗayen man.

Waɗanne kamfanonin ƙasashenYamma ne suka fice daga Rasha?

Hundreds of major firms including McDonald's, Coca-Cola, Starbucks and Heineken have stopped selling and making goods in Russia.

Ɗaruruwan manyan kamfanoni ciki har da McDonald's, da Coca-Cola, da Starbucks da Heineken sun daina sayarwa tare da sarrafa kayyaki a Rasha.

To sai dai har yanzu wasu na gudanar da harkokinsu a Rasha.

Alal misali ana zargin rukunin kamfanonin lemo na Pepsi da ci gaba da sayar da kayyakinsa a Rasha.

Haka kuma BBC ta gano cewa kamfanin samar da kayyakin kwalliya da shafe-shafe na Amurka, Avon na ci gaba da sarrafa kayayyaki a kamfaninsa da kle kusa da Moscow.

Ta yaya Rasha ke kauce wa takunkuman?

Shugaban Rasha, Vladimir Putin ya yi iƙirarin cewa babu wata illa da takunkuman ke yi wa Rasha, yana mai cewa ''Muna ci gaba, su kuma suna ci baya''.

Rasha na sayar da manta a kasuwannin duniya fiye da farashin da ƙungiyar G7 ta sanya wa man nata, kamar yadda cibiyar Atlantic Council da ke Amurka ta bayyana.

Cibiyar ta ce har yanzu jiragen ruwa da ke dakon kusan tanakar mai mai 1,000.

Hukumar makamashi ta Duniya ta ce yanzu haka Rasha na fitar da aƙalla ganga miliyan 8.3 a kowace rana, inda ta ƙara yawan man da take fitarwa zuwa Indiya da China.

Haka kuma Rasha na samaun damar sayo kayyaki daga ƙasashen da suka sanya mata takunkumai ta hanyar amfani da wasu ƙasashen irin su Georgia da Belarus da kuma Kazakhstan, kamar yadda masu bincike daga kwalejin King da ke London ta bayyana.

China ta kasance babbar mai fitar da kayyakin fasaha da waɗanda ke ƙera wa a ƙasashen Yamma, kamar yadda Dakta Maria Snegovaya na cibiyar nazarin tsare-sate ta duniya ya bayyana.

A shekarar 2023, Amurka ta fara ƙaƙaba takunkumai kan kamfanoni a ƙasashe kamar su Kyrgyzstan, wadda ke ƙara fitar da fasahohin ƙasashen Yamma zuwa Rasha.

Wane tasiri takunkuman ke yi wa tattalin arzikin Rasha?

Asusun Bayar da Lamuni na Duniya, IMF ya ce a shekarar 2022, shekara guda bayan mayayar da Rasha ta yi wa Ukraine tattalin arzikin ƙasar ya ragu da kashi 2.1.

Haka kuma IMF ɗin ta yi ƙiyasin cewa tattalin arzikin Rasha ya ƙaru da kashi 2.2 a shekarar 2023, tare da hasashen ƙaruwarsa da kashi 1.1 a shekarar 2024.

To sai dai hukumar baitul-malin Amurka ta ce takunkuman na yi wa Rasha illa , bayan da ta ce sun rage kashi biyar na ƙaruwar tattalin arzikin da take da shi cikin shekara biyu da suka gabata.

"Takunkuman sun sanya yaƙin da Rashar ke yi mai laƙume maƙudan kuɗin ga ƙasar,'' in ji Dakta Snegovaya, "Kuma hakan na nufin za ta ci gaba da yin hakan har zuwa wani lokaci nan gaba".

Haka kuma hukumar baitul malin Amurkan ta ce yaƙin da ƙasar ke yi a Ukraien da kuma jerin takunkuman sun tilasta wa 'yan ƙasar fiye da miliyan guda, mafi yawancinsu matasa da masana, ficewa daga ƙasar.

Gwamnatin Rasha ta kuma rage yawan kuɗin da take kashewa ɓangaren lafiya, domin ɗaukar nauyin yaƙin Ukraine, kamar yadda ma'aikatar tsaron Birtaniya ta bayyana.

"Kuma hakan na shafar al'ummar ƙasar, musamman mazauna karkara," in ji James Nixey na cibiyar Chatham House da ke Landan.

"Gwamnatin na rage kuɗin ƙauyukan a maimakon a manyan birane, inda hakan zai janyo tashin tarzoma."