New Delhi: A comprehensive understanding of cancer is essential for effective prevention, early detection, and treatment. Cancer can affect various parts of the body, and its impact on patients and their families can be profound. Recognizing the risk factors, symptoms, and available treatment options is crucial for managing this complex disease. With advancements in medical research, personalized treatment plans, and supportive care resources, patients have more opportunities than ever to achieve positive outcomes and maintain their quality of life.

Uterine cancer primarily occurs in the lining of the uterus, known as the endometrium, and is often referred to as endometrial cancer. Another, less common type is uterine sarcoma, which forms in the muscles or other tissues of the uterus.

What is uterine cancer?

In an interaction with News9Live, Dr. Hozefa Lokhandwala, Surgical Oncologist, HCG Cancer Centre, Jaipur, spoke about uterine cancer, its causes, symptoms and treatment options.

“Uterine cancer is a serious but treatable condition when detected early. Understanding the risk factors, recognizing symptoms, and exploring the various treatment options can significantly improve outcomes. Comprehensive support systems are essential for addressing the emotional, practical, and educational needs of patients. With continued research and advancements in treatment, there is hope for improved survival rates and quality of life for those affected by uterine cancer,” said Dr Lokhandwala.

What are the risk factors of uterine cancer?

Several factors can increase the risk of developing uterine cancer, including:

1. Age: Most uterine cancers occur in women over 50.
2. Hormone Therapy: Use of estrogen without progesterone.
3. Obesity: Higher levels of estrogen in body fat can increase risk.
4. Reproductive History: Never having been pregnant or having fewer menstrual cycles.
5. Genetics: A family history of uterine cancer or inherited conditions like Lynch syndrome.

What are the symptoms of uterine cancer?

1. Abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge
2. Pelvic pain or pressure
3. Pain during intercourse
4. Difficulty or pain during urination
5. Early detection is crucial for effective treatment, so it’s essential to consult a healthcare provider if any of these symptoms are present.

Screening and Diagnosis

Currently, there is no standard screening test for uterine cancer. However, early detection is possible through awareness of symptoms and regular gynaecological exams. Diagnostic methods include:

1. Pelvic Examination: Initial physical examination by a healthcare provider.
2. Ultrasound: Imaging to look for abnormalities in the uterus.
3. Endometrial Biopsy: A sample of the uterine lining is taken to look for cancer cells.
4. Dilation and Curettage (D&C): A surgical procedure to remove tissue from the uterus for examination.

What are the treatment options for uterine cancer?

1. Surgery – Surgery is often the first line of treatment and may involve:
2. Hysterectomy – Removal of the uterus.
3. Bilateral Salpingo – Oophorectomy involves the removal of both ovaries and fallopian tubes. Lymph Node Dissection entails the removal of lymph nodes to check for cancer spread.
4. Radiation Therapy – Utilises high-energy rays to eradicate cancer cells. It may precede surgery to shrink tumours or follow surgery to eliminate residual cancer cells.
5. Chemotherapy – Utilises drugs to destroy cancer cells and is typically administered when cancer has metastasized beyond the uterus.
6. Hormone Therapy – Hormone therapy uses hormones or hormone-blocking drugs to slow the growth of hormone receptor-positive uterine cancers.
7. Targeted Therapy – Targeted therapy uses drugs to target specific pathways or genes in cancer cells, offering a more effective and less damaging alternative to traditional chemotherapy.
8. Immunotherapy – Immunotherapy, a newer approach under active research, helps the body’s immune system recognise and fight cancer cells.

Emotional and Psychological Support

A cancer diagnosis can be overwhelming, and emotional support is crucial. One can seek support from:

1. Counselling: Professional help to manage stress and anxiety.
2. Support Groups: Connecting with other patients who share similar experiences.
3. Family and Friends: To help build a strong support network.