Asalin hoton, Getty Images

• Marubuci, Mia Taylor
• Sanya sunan wanda ya rubuta labari, BBC Future

Yayin da hankalin duniya ya karkata kan kusufin Rana da ya faru a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, wani gungun taurari da ake kira Corona Borealis mai nisa da duniya- wanda ya ƙunshi mataccen tauraro ɗaya da wani jan tauraro da suka tsufa - yana gab da bayyana wato za a samu bayyanar sabon tauraro mai haske kuma mai ban mamaki da ake kira 'nova' da ba kasafai ake ganin irinsa ba.

Yana da nisan shekara 3,000 daga duniya, kuma Corona Borealis ya kasance gida ga wani farin tauraro mai suna T Coronae Borealis wanda ke daf da abin da hukumar sararin samaniyya ta kasar Amurka, NASA ta ce zai zama haihuwar tauraro wanda ba kasafai ta ke aukuwa a rayuwa ba.

Lamarin da ba kasafai ake yin sa ba ana sa ran zai faru wani lokaci kafin watan Satumban 2024. Lokacin da zai faru za a iya ganin afkuwarsa da ido.

Ba za a buƙaci na'urar hangen nesa mai tsada don ganin wannan lamarin na sararin samaniya ba, in ji NASA.

Fashewar T CrB na faruwa kusan sau ɗaya ne a kowace shekara 80, domin irinsa na ƙarshe ya faru ne a 1946.

"Na yi matukar farin ciki. Wannan abu yana kama da Halley's Comet - yana faruwa sau ɗaya a cikin kowacce shekara 75 zuwa 80 - amma novas ba a yaɗa su a kafafen yaɗa labarai, Comets koyaushe suna jan hankalin kafafen yaɗa labarai." In ji manajan shirin muhalli na hukumar Nasa, William J Cooke.

Asalin hoton, Getty Images

Yaya ake sanin lokacin fashewar nova zai faru?

A mafi yawan lokuta, masana a Nasa ba su da masaniyar lokacin da fashewar nova za ta faru, in ji Cooke. Amma akwai kusan guda 10 waɗanda aka fi sani da "novas masu maimaici", in ji shi.

Cooke ya ci gaba da cewa "Nova mai maimaitawa ita ce fashewar tauraro da ke nunfasawa daga sama lokaci-lokaci. "Kuma T Coronae Borealis babban misali ne na hakan."

Amma ta yaya Nasa ke da tabbacin cewa T CrB zai fashe a cikin ƴan watanni masu zuwa? Al'amari ne na lissafi da shaidar bayyane.

Misali, lokacin ƙarshe da T CrB ya fashe a cikin 1946 - shekaru 78 da suka gabata.

Akwai kuma wata alama da ke nuna cewa T CrB yana shirin fashewa, in ji Cooke.

"Mun san cewa kafin zuwan tauraron nova ya kan yi duhu na kusan shekara guda, kuma T Coronae Borealis ya fara dusashewa a cikin Maris 2023, don haka ne muke tunanin zai fashe tsakanin yanzu zuwa karshen Satumba."

Tabbacin fashewar T CrB akai-akai ya bambanta shi da sauran taurarin da aka gano cikin shekarun da suka gabata - kuma wani ɓangare ne na abin da ke sa fashewar tauraron ya kasance abin ban sh'awa.

"Akwai taurari nau'in Nova da dama da aka gano, amma yawanci ba a san su da fashewa ba.

Ko kuma su kan dauki tsawon lokaci ba tare da sun fashe ba saboda haka ba mu san lokacin da za su sake fashewa ba. in ji Farfesa a makarantar Johns Hopkins' William H. Miller III a Sashen kimiyyar taurari, wanda ya ƙware a fannin taurari.

Tsawon lokacin maimaita fashewar nova na iya kasancewa tsakanin shekara ɗaya zuwa kusan miliyoyin shekaru, in ji Richard Townsend, farfesa a ilimin taurari a Jami'ar Wisconsin-Madison.

Me ke haddasa fashewar taurari?

Baya ga sanin lokacin da wasu fashewar nova kamar na T CrB za su faru, masana a NASA kuma sun san dalilin da ya sa suke faruwa.

T CrB, alal misali, yana wanzuwa a tsarin tagwaitaka na binary, ma'ana yana ɗaya daga cikin taurari biyu da ke kewaye juna. Dayan kuma shi ne jan tauraro mai girma.

Taurari irin su T CrB na da yanayi irin na Rana, amma ya ninka girmansu kamar sau ɗari wanda girmansu ya zama kwatankwacin na duniyarmu, in ji shi.

Kuma wannan nauyin da kuma rashin girma na bai wa taurarin wani ƙarfi na musamman.

Asalin hoton, Getty Images

Townsend yana ba da irin wannan bayanin, yana mai bayanin cewa da zarar abubuwa sun gama taruwa a kan T CrB kuma zafinsa ya kai kimanin digiri miliyan ma'aunin celcius wanda zai sa ya fara ƙonewa, wanda ke haifar da lamarin fashewar nova da mutane da dama yanzu ke ɗokin gani.

"Waɗannan al'amuran iri ɗaya ne waɗanda ke gudana a cikin tsakiyar Rana, kuma suna fitar da makamashi mai yawa a saman tauraron," in ji Townsend.

"Sakin makamashin yana haifar da farin tauraron ya fi takwaransa haske na wani ɗan lokaci, kuma yawan hasken da ke fitowa daga dukkan taurarin biyu - idan aka gan shi a duniya - yana ƙaruwa da maki tsakanin 1000 zuwa 100,000."

Irin wannan lamarin yana taimaka wa masana a NASA su fahimci irin sauyin makamashin da ke gudana tsakanin taurari a cikin tsarin tagwaitaka na binary da fashewar ƙwanduwar tauraron da ke faruwa a lokacin da zafinsa ya kai matakin nova.

MacGregor ya ce "Yana ci gaba da samun makamashi daga babban tauraro akai-akai," in ji MacGregor.

"Yawanci yana ɗaukar dubban shekaru kafin ya kai matakin Nova. Amma T Coronae Borealis da alama yana yin shi da sauri, wanda ya sa ya zama abin da ba kasafai ne ake ganin hakan ba."

Abin da za ku gani lokacin da T CrB nova zai faru

Asalin hoton, Getty Images

Tauraron T CrB yana da matuƙar haske matakin da ake lissafawa da matakin +10, a cewar NASA.

To sai dai lokacin da fashewar T CrB nova mai zuwa zai faru, haskensa zai ƙaru zuwa matakin +2, wanda ya fi hasken +10.

Don fahimtar wannan hasken, +2 daidai yake da irin hasken tauraruwa Polaris da ke arewacin duniya (North Star).

A lokacin da abin ya faru, T CrB zai kasance a bayyane ga idon ɗan adam.

Waɗanda ke fatan ganin lamarin nova ya kamata su duba sararin samaniya don ganin tawagar taurarin Corona Borealis, ko 'Northern Crown'.

"A nan ne fashewar za ta bayyana a matsayin 'sabon' tauraro mai haske," in ji hukumar ta sararin samaniya.

Amma kar a yi kuskuren tunanin cewa abin da ke faruwa haifar da sabon tauraro ne.

Shi tauraron T CrB ɗin ne ya ke bayyana gare mu saboda waɗannan fashe-fashen masu matuƙar ƙarfi da ke afkuwa.

"Tauraro ne wanda ya dade da kasancewa. Tauraron ya daɗe a inda yake, amma a gare mu yana kama da wani sabon tauraro ne da ya bullo ba zato ba tsammani saboda ba za mu iya ganin sa koyaushe ba, "in ji MacGregor.

Da zarar T CrB ya ƙure haskensa, zai iya haske kamar na tauraruwar Mars, in ji Cooke.

Kuma ana sa ran za a ci gaba da ganin sa da ido na aƙalla wasu ƴan kwanaki, amma fashewar na iya wuce mako guda tana afkuwa.

Sannan, da zarar tauraron ya ƙarar da duk makamashin da ya samu daga babban tauraron, T CrB zai sake dusashewa , wanda za a kwashe shekaru da dama ba tare da an sake ganin sa ba.