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Wa ya fi ƙarfin iko tsakanin Jagoran addinin da shugaban ƙasa a Iran?

bbc.com 2 days ago
Pro-government demonstrators hold up a photograph of the Supreme Leader

Asalin hoton, Getty Images

Al'ummar Iran sun kaɗa ƙuri'un zaɓen sabon shugaba, bayan rasuwar tsohon shugaban ƙasar Ebrahim Ra'isi a watan Mayu.

To sai dai jagoran addini na ƙasar, Ayatollah Ali Khameni shi ne mafi ƙarfin faɗa a ji a Iran.

Ya ake yin zaɓe a Iran?

An gudanar da zagayen farko na zaɓen ranar 28 ga watan Yuni. Mutum miliyan 61.1 ne suka cancanci kaɗa ƙuri'arsu a zaɓen.

Za a gudanar da zagaye na biyu na zaɓen a ranar 5 ga watan Yuli, idan har ba a samu ɗan takarar da ya lashe sama da kashi 50 cikin ɗari na ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa a zagaye na farko ba.

An bi tsauraran matakai wajen tantance ƴan takarar shugabancin ƙasar da suka fafata a zaɓen, hakan ya kai ga haramta wa wasu manyan ƴan siyasa shiga takarar.

Mutum shida ne kawai suka samu nasarar tsayawa takarar, kuma biyu daga cikinsu sun fice daga takarar kwana biyu kafin zaɓen.

Ƴan takara biyu da ke kan gaba sun kasance masu ra'ayin ƴan mazan jiya - Saeed Jalili, tsohon mai shiga tsakani na ƙasa da ƙasa, sai kuma Mohammed Baqer Qalibaf, wanda shi ne shugaban majalisar dokokin ƙasar.

Akwai kuma Massoud Pezeshkian, mai shekara 69, wanda likitan zuciya ne, kuma shi ne ake kallo a matsayin mutum ɗaya tilo cikin ƴan takarar da ke da ra'ayin kawo sauyi.

Mista Pezeshkian na adawa da tsararan dokokin ƙasar musamman kan batun tufafin mata, kuma yana fatan kawo ƙarshen takunkuman da ƙasashen Yamma suka ƙaƙaba wa ƙasar, ta hanyar sake nazarin yarjejeniyar nukiliyar ƙasar.

Gabanin zaɓen, jagoran addinin ƙasar, ya yi kira ga al'ummar Iran su fita domin kaɗa ƙuri'arsu, to sai dai da yawa ba su fita ba, saboda dawowa da suka yi daga rakiyar gwamnatin ƙasar.

Wane iko shugaban ƙasa ke da shi a Iran?

A ƙasar Iran shugaban ƙasa, shi ne mutum mafi girman muƙami da ake zaɓa, sai dai shi ne mutum na biyu mafi ƙarfin faɗa a ji, bayan jagoran addini.

Shi ne ke jagorantar tafiyar da harkokin gwamnati na yau da kullum, kuma yana da babban tasiri kan tsare-tsaren al'amuran cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje.

To sai dai ƙarfin ikonsa takaitacce ne, musamman lamarin da ya shafi tsaron ƙasa.

Ma'aikatar cikin gida da ke kula da 'yan sandan ƙasar, na ƙarƙashin ikon shugaban ƙasa. To amma jagoran addinin ƙasar ne ke naɗa babban kwamandan rundunar, kuma daga wajensa kwamandan ke karɓar umarni.

Haka batun yake ga kwamandan dakarun juyin-juya hali na ƙasar, da rundunar tsaro ta Basij.

Majalisar dokokin ƙasar da ke da ikon samar da sabbin dokoki, na da damar lura ko binciken ayyukan shugaban ƙasar.

A ɗaya gefen kuma, majalaisar magabata ta ƙasar - wadda ta ƙunshi manyan abokan jagoran addinin - na da alhakin amince da sabbin dokokin da majalisa da ƙirƙira, kuma dole sai duka 'yan majalisar magabatan sun amince da su kafin su zama doka.

Wane ƙarfin iko jagoran addinin ke da shi?

Mutum mafi ƙarfin iko a Iran shi ne Ayatollah Khamenei, wanda ya kasance jagoran addinin ƙasar tun shekarar 1989.

Shi ne mai wuƙa da nama a duka al'amuran ƙasar, kuma babban hafsan hafsoshin tsaron ƙasar.

Shi ne kuma jagoran rundunar 'yan sanda da hukumar Hisba ta ƙasa.

Ayatollah Khamenei shi ke da iko da rundunar juyin-juya hali ta ƙasar, wadda ke da alhakin tsaron cikin gida na ƙasar, da kuma dakarun rundunar tsaro ta Basij - mai yaƙi da rashin tarabiyya a ƙasar.

Yadda aka girgiza ƙarfin ikon Iran

A shekarar 2022 ne aka gudanar da wani jerin zanga-zanga da ya girgiza ƙasar, bayan mutuwar matashiya Mahsa Amini da ta rasu a hannun 'yan hisba, bayan sun tsare ta kan zargin saɓa wa dokar sanya tufafi ta ƙasar.

Lamarin da ya yi sanadin kashe ɗaruruwan mutane tare da tsare dubbai, kamar yadda ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙin ɗan'adam suka bayyana.

Zanga-zangar ta ɗauki lokaci mai tsawo, sakamakon yadda mutane suka yi ta saɓa wa dokokin tufafin ƙasar, domin fusata hukumomi.

Asalin hoton, Getty Images

A protester holds a picture of Mahsa Amini during protests in Turkey in 2022
Bayanan hoto, Mutuwar Mahsa Amini a 2022 ta haddasa zanga-zanga

Wace ce rundunar Hisba a Iran?

Rundunar Hisba - ko dakarun gyaran tarbiyya - wani ɓangare ne rundunar 'yan sandan ƙasar.

An samar da rundunar ne a shekarar 2005 da nufin tabbatar da aki da dokokin musulunci, kan tsarin sanya''tufafi'', da aka fara amfani da su bayan juyin-juya halin ƙasar na 1979.

Rundunar - mai dakaru 7,000 maza da mata - na da ƙarfin ikon yin gargaɗi, da sanya tara ko kama waɗanda ake zargi da karya doka.

Makonni kafin tashin hankalin 2022, Mista Raisi ya bayar da umarnin tsaurara dokokin Iran na sanya hijabi da tsafta, waɗanda suka wajabta wa mata yin mu'amala da sanya tufafi bisa tsarin musulunci.

An sanya kyamarorin tsaro a wurare daban-daban domin taimaka wa jami'an rundunar zaƙulo masu laifi.

Sannan an kuma ɓullo da hukuncin ɗauri ga mutanen da ke nuna adawa da dokokin hijibi a shafukan sada zumunta.

Su wane ne dakarun juyin-juya hali?

Asalin hoton, Anadolu Agency

Iranian President Hassan Rouhani attends military parade on National Army Day in Tehran, Iran (18 April 2019)
Bayanan hoto, Dakarun juyin-juya halin ƙasar na aiki daban da rundunar sojin ƙasar

Dakarun rundunar juyin-juya halin Iran, ne ke da alhakin kula da tsaron cikin gida a Iran, kuma a yanzu ita ce rundunar tsaro mafi girma a ƙasar, wadda ke da dakaru fiye da 150,000.

Rundunar - mai dakaru a rundunar sojin ƙasa da ta ruwa da ta sama - ita ke da alhakin kula da tsare-tsaren makaman ƙasar.

Tana kuma da dakaru masu kula da kula da makaman rundunar mai suna dakarun Quds, wadda a asirce ke samar da kuɗi da makamai da fasaha da horaswa ga dakarun ƙawayen ƙasar a yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya.

Haka kuma dakarun juyin-juya halin ke da alhakin lura da dakarun tsaro na Basij.

Wace ce rundunar tsaro ta Basij?

An kafa rundunar Basij mai yaƙi da tayar da tarzoma a shekarar 1979 a matsayin rundunar tsaro ta sa kai.

Tana da rassa a kowane lardi da birni a ƙasar, da kuma mafi yawan ma'aikatun ƙasar.

Rundunar na da dakaru maza da mata da ake kira ''Basijis'', waɗanda ke biyayya ga rundunar juyin-juya hali ta ƙasar.

Rundunar Basij na da dakaru aƙalla 100,000 da ke aikin samar da tsaro a cikin ƙasar.

Dakarun rundunar ne suka fi muzguna wa masu zanga-zanga adawa da manufofin gwamnatin ƙasar tun zaɓen shugaban ƙasar na 2009 mai cike da ruɗani.

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