HIV, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus, manifests itself in various ways throughout the body, including the mouth and skin. Understanding these signs is crucial for early detection and management of the infection.
In the mouth, common manifestations of HIV include oral candidiasis (thrush), which appears as white patches on the tongue, inside the cheeks, or on the roof of the mouth. These patches can be painful and may bleed when scraped. Another oral condition linked to HIV is oral hairy leukoplakia, characterized by white, corrugated lesions typically found on the sides of the tongue. These lesions are usually painless but may cause discomfort.
Gingivitis and periodontitis are also more prevalent in HIV-positive individuals, often presenting with gum bleeding, swelling, and gum recession. These conditions can lead to tooth loss if left untreated.
On the skin, HIV can cause a range of conditions. One common skin manifestation is seborrheic dermatitis, characterized by red, itchy, and scaly patches on the skin, often seen on the scalp, face, and upper chest. Folliculitis, an infection of the hair follicles, and eosinophilic folliculitis, which presents as itchy, red bumps on the face and upper body, are also more common in HIV patients.
Moreover, HIV-associated psoriasis and molluscum contagiosum, a viral skin infection, may occur. Kaposi's sarcoma, a type of cancer caused by human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8), presents as purplish lesions on the skin and is more likely to affect HIV patients with weakened immune systems.
Recognizing these signs early can lead to prompt medical intervention, including antiretroviral therapy, which can slow the progression of HIV and improve overall health outcomes. Regular dental and dermatological screenings are essential for HIV patients to detect these manifestations early and manage them effectively, thus improving quality of life and longevity.
In conclusion, while HIV primarily affects the immune system, its impact on the mouth and skin underscores the systemic nature of the virus. Awareness of these signs among healthcare providers and the general public remains crucial in the ongoing battle against HIV/AIDS.https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323849